Standard Operating Procedure for Lyophilization of Nanoparticle-Based Formulations

1) Purpose

This SOP outlines the process for lyophilizing nanoparticle-based formulations, which helps to preserve their stability, increase shelf life, and facilitate easier transportation. The purpose is to standardize the procedure for freeze-drying nanoparticle formulations.

2) Scope

This SOP applies to laboratory personnel responsible for lyophilizing nanoparticle formulations used in drug delivery systems and other applications.

3) Responsibilities

• Operators: Responsible for accurately following the lyophilization procedure and ensuring the nanoparticles retain their stability after the process.
• QA: Ensures that the lyophilized products meet the required quality and stability standards.

4) Procedure

4.1 Preparation for Lyophilization

4.1.1 Pre-Freeze Preparation

• 4.1.1.1 Ensure the nanoparticle suspension is prepared and filtered to remove any aggregates before freeze-drying.
• 4.1.1.2 Dispense the nanoparticle formulation into vials, leaving sufficient headspace for sublimation during the lyophilization process.

4.2 Freezing

4.2.1 Initial Freezing

• 4.2.1.1 Place the vials in the lyophilizer’s pre-freezing chamber and freeze the formulation at temperatures between -40°C and -80°C, depending on the material’s characteristics.

4.3 Primary Drying

4.3.1 Sublimation

• 4.3.1.1 Set the lyophilizer to initiate the primary drying process by gradually reducing the pressure and maintaining low temperatures to allow sublimation of the frozen solvent.
• 4.3.1.2 Monitor the pressure and temperature to ensure sublimation occurs efficiently and completely.

4.4 Secondary Drying

4.4.1 Desorption of